The leaching mechanism of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, As) in a gasification slag during acidification

Abstract

The gasification slag by acidification can leach abundant heavy metals. In this paper, the fate of heavy metals (Ni, Cd, and As) in the raw slag and the acidified slag that treated by HAc and HCl was systematically investigated combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that the content of Ni and Cd is reduced with an increasing acid concentration and meets the regulatory standards by 7 M HAc and 3 M HCl, respectively. Most of Ni combined with gehlenite is released as gehlenite dissolves during acid treatment, whereas Cd in combination with gehlenite and iron compounds is hard to release at lower HAc concentrations. Unexpectedly, the content of As tends to elevate at a higher concentration of HAc, which is due to the increase in the content of Ca by new Ca-compound formation and the higher binding capacity of Ca to As according to DFT results. Additionally, if the acid-base ratio reaches about 2.0 by acid treatment, there would be a maximum leaching rate. It is recommended that acid concentration should be controlled to avoid a secondary risk of heavy metals.