Abstract
The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and Agenda 21, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992, are two instruments quite distinct in their legal nature and scope, and yet they are complementary to one another. While UNCLOS is an international treaty which sets forth rights and obligations of states in the uses of the seas and oceans, management of their resources, and protection and preservation of the marine environment, Agenda 21, including its Chapter 17 on the protection, rational use, and development of the living resources in marine and coastal areas, is an instrument that lacks for in international law. This chapter discusses the interfaces between UNCLOS and Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 and its effects, and the protection of the marine environment from land-based and sea-based activities.
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