The law of large numbers for the maximum of almost Gaussian log-correlated fields coming from random matrices

Abstract

We compute the leading asymptotics as $$N\rightarrow \infty $$ of the maximum of the field $$Q_N(q)= \log |q- A_N|, q\in \mathbb {C}$$ , for any unitarily invariant Hermitian random matrix $$A_N$$ associated to a non-critical real-analytic potential. Hence, we verify the leading order in a conjecture of Fyodorov and Simm (Nonlinearity 29:2837, 2016. arXiv:1503.07110 [math-ph]) formulated for the GUE. The method relies on a classical upper-bound and a more sophisticated lower-bound based on a variant of the second-moment method which exploits the hyperbolic branching structure of the field $$Q_N(q), q\in \mathbb {H}$$ . Specifically, we compare $$Q_N$$ to an idealized Gaussian field by means of exponential moments. In principle, this method could also be applied to random fields coming from other point processes provided that one can compute certain mixed exponential moments. For unitarily invariant ensembles, we show that these assumptions follow from the Fyodorov–Strahov formula (Fyodorov and Strahov in J Phys A 36(12):3203–3213, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/36/12/320 ) and asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials derived in Deift et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 52(11):1335–1425, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199911)52:11 3.0.CO;2-1 ).