The lattice Boltzmann equation method: theoretical interpretation, numerics and implications

Abstract

During the last ten years the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) method has been developed as an alternative numerical approach in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Originated from the discrete kinetic theory, the LBE method has emerged with the promise to become a superior modeling platform, both computationally and conceptually, compared to the existing arsenal of the continuum-based CFD methods. The LBE method has been applied for simulation of various kinds of fluid flows under different conditions. The number of papers on the LBE method and its applications continues to grow rapidly, especially in the direction of complex and multiphase media. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive, self-contained and consistent tutorial on the LBE method, aiming to clarify misunderstandings and eliminate some confusion that seems to persist in the LBE-related CFD literature. The focus is placed on the fundamental principles of the LBE approach. An excursion into the history, physical background and details of the theory and numerical implementation is made. Special attention is paid to advantages and limitations of the method, and its perspectives to be a useful framework for description of complex flows and interfacial (and multiphase) phenomena. The computational performance of the LBE method is examined, comparing it to other CFD methods, which directly solve for the transport equations of the macroscopic variables.