THE LATENT ASYMMETRY OF THE SYSTEMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMERUS OF THE DOMESTIC BULL (<i>BOS TAURUS</i>) AS EVIDENCE OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL-FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE BONES OF THE MAMMALIAN LIMBS

Abstract

Differences in the degree of development of the bones of the proximal part of the thoracic limbs are associated with the peculiarities of the biomechanics of the mammalian species. Symmetric locomotion is characteristic of Bovinae. In the comparative anatomical aspect, it is of interest to clarify the asymmetry of the anatomical structures that provide this kind of movement. The purpose of the study is the analyze the features of the structure and systemic organization of the humerus of large cloven-hoofed animals with a dorso-stable type of locomotion using the example of a domestic bull. The results of a study of the features of the systemic organization of the anatomical structures of the humerus of the domestic bull based on the measurement of its osteometrical parameters are presented. On each bone of 40 animals, 29 structures were measured. The values of the linear parameters were normalized, the transverse diameter of the bone shaft in the middle of its length was taken as a unit. Further, separately in the group of drugs of the right and left sides, the normalized values of linear and angular parameters were processed by the method of factor analysis. Three factors have been identified that affect the structure of the right humerus, four - on the structure of the left humerus. The parameters present in the system organization of both bones were identified as systemically stable. Analysis of the structure of the anatomical organization of the humerus of the bull allowed to identify five basic systemically stable parameters in the structure of the proximal epiphysis, three in the structure of the diaphysis and eight in the structure of the distal epiphysis. Parameters that are present only in the system organization of one of the bones and indicate an asymmetry in the performance of the function are designated as systemically unstable. There are four unstable parameters at the level of the proximal epiphysis, two at the distal level. The asymmetry of the systemic organization is manifested due to the difference in the implementation of the motor function at the levels of the epiphyses of the bone. As a result of the study, it was found that the basic systemically stable parameters that ensure the transmission of animal weight play a key role in the formation of the systemic organization of the humerus. The asymmetry of systemic organization is manifested due to the difference in the realization of motor function at the levels of the epiphyses of the bone, which indicates the morphological and functional differentiation of the epiphyses of mammals, reflecting the specificity of the type of movement.