Abstract
Late Miocene sediments from the Beli Breg Coal Basin, Western Bulgaria, were investigated using spore-pollen analysis. Based on palynological characteristics, we describe dynamics and development of vegetation in the studied basin. The main types of palaeocoenoses are distinguished. The fossil flora is characterised by a variable structure of plant communities and diversity of dominant species. In general, the warm temperate representatives of the genera Quercus, Castanea, Corylopsis, Ulmus, and Carya dominated the composition of mixed mesophytic forest palaeocoenoses. Climate data reconstructed using the Coexistence Approach method show that the climate was of a moderately warm type, with a mean annual temperature of ca. 16 °C and temperatures ca. 4 °C by mean in the winter season, thus providing very favourable climatic conditions for the distribution of warm temperate vegetation. The established values for precipitation of about 1000 mm annually indicate the presence not only of a warm but also humid climate, with low seasonality and relatively short dry period.
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