Abstract
The growth of continental crust through melt extraction from the mantle is a critical component of the chemical evolution of the Earth and the development of plate tectonics. However, the mechanisms involved remain debated. Here, we conduct petrological and geochemical analyses on a large (up to 5000 km2) granitoid body in the Arabian-Nubian shield near El-Shadli, Egypt. We identify these rocks as the largest known plagiogranitic complex on Earth, which shares characteristics such as low potassium, high sodium and flat rare earth element chondrite-normalized patterns with spatially associated gabbroic rocks. The hafnium isotopic compositions of zircon indicate a juvenile source for the magma. However, low zircon δ18O values suggest interaction with hydrothermal fluids. We propose that the El-Shadli plagiogranites were produced by extensive partial melting of juvenile, previously accreted oceanic crust and that this previously overlooked mechanism for the formation of plagiogranite is also responsible for the transformation of juvenile crust into a chemically stratified continental crust.
Highlights
The growth of continental crust through melt extraction from the mantle is a critical component of the chemical evolution of the Earth and the development of plate tectonics
We investigate the petrogenesis of this large plagiogranitic complex based on whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data, as well as zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotope and trace-element data
As well as post-collisional alkalic granites and volcanic rocks (Fig. 2)
Summary
The growth of continental crust through melt extraction from the mantle is a critical component of the chemical evolution of the Earth and the development of plate tectonics. We conduct petrological and geochemical analyses on a large (up to 5000 km2) granitoid body in the Arabian-Nubian shield near El-Shadli, Egypt We identify these rocks as the largest known plagiogranitic complex on Earth, which shares characteristics such as low potassium, high sodium and flat rare earth element chondrite-normalized patterns with spatially associated gabbroic rocks. In contrast to widespread continental granitic rocks, plagiogranite is a rare leucocratic type predominantly composed of plagioclase (>40%), quartz, and ferromagnesian minerals (
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