Abstract
Transgender or gender-incongruent individuals are those with gender identity or expression that differs from external sexual anatomy. Data suggest that 0.3 to 0.5% of the American population, or 900,000 individuals, are transgender ( 1. Conron K.J. Scott G. Stowell G.S. Landers S.J. Transgender health in Massachusetts: results from a household probability sample of adults. Am J Public Health. 2012; 102: 118-122 Crossref PubMed Scopus (298) Google Scholar , 2. Reisner S.L. Conron K.J. Tardiff L.A. Jarvi S. Gordon A.R. Austin S.B. Monitoring the health of transgender and other gender minority populations: validity of natal sex and gender identity survey items in a U.S. national cohort of young adults. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 1224 Crossref PubMed Scopus (129) Google Scholar ). Transgender persons have long suffered limited access to health care and, further, suffer significant health care disparities ( 3. Safer J.D. Coleman E. Feldman J. et al. Barriers to healthcare for transgender individuals. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2016; 23: 168-171 Crossref PubMed Scopus (334) Google Scholar ). For example, multiple authors report increased incidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, substance abuse, and depression among transgender individuals.
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