Abstract
The processes of Van der Waals clusters formation in supersonic gas flows expanding into a rarefied medium are discussed in this report. The necessary conditions for cluster formation, methods for measuring the average size and size distribution of clusters in a rarefied gas flow are considered. The problems associated with electron-beam ionization of clusters during mass spectrometry of clustered flows are analyzed. The process of intracluster energy exchange in mixtures, that leads to the possibility of inverse pumping of electronic levels of atoms, is illustrated. The problems arising during optical measurements of density in cluster flows are demonstrated. The effect of large clusters formation on the shape and structure of supersonic flows is shown.
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