The large amplitude motion of a liquid-filled gyroscope and the non-interaction of inertial and Rossby waves

Abstract

An attempt is made to explain theoretically two curious phenomena involving the motion of the liquid in a spinning, gyrating, liquid-filled gyroscope. One of the phenomena is the periodic breakdown of the free-surface wave form of the spinning liquid in the gyroscope when it gyrates at angles larger than about 1°. The other is the resonant amplitude growth rate of the liquid-filled gyroscope at these angles, for then the small angle stability theory of Stewartson (1959) fails to make the correct predictions.The analysis exploits the experimental fact that the axis of rotation of liquid in the rotor of a spinning gyrating gyroscope does not remain coincident with the axis of rotation of the rotor when the gyroscope gyrates at amplitudes greater than the above-mentioned 1°. It is shown that this lack of coincidence generates Rossby waves and modifies the inertial wave frequencies that would ordinarily occur in a right circular cylinder. There is no nonlinear interaction between these Rossby and inertial waves; hence the free-surface breakdown remains unexplained. However, the modification of the inertial wave frequencies does seem to account for the curious amplitude growth rate.