Abstract
The article reveals advanced all over the world approach to architecture and urban planning design of hospitals with active usage of landscape. The newest examples of competitive and already implemented projects of medical facilities are examined, which clearly illustrate the active integration of natural and artificial reservoirs, peculiarities of natural and formation process of explicit artificial landscape in the environment of medical institutions. The article is aimed at sticking the urban planners’ attention at the importance of the design and integration of the natural already exicting including landscape design approach into the hospitals’ design in order to strengthen the therapeutic effect with the exterior of the medical building and the public welfare of its location.
Highlights
Exterior together with the interior and the public welfare areas of the hospital significantly affect the emotional state of a person, especially the one who is sick, stressed and agitated
The concept of the BIG architecture office involved the creation of a space capable for healing. Their variant of the hospital complex consists of eight buildings represented on the plan in the form of intersecting rings with courtyards. The architects explain their choice of this form by functional necessity: from the window of each unit it will be possible to admire the views of nature, a green courtyard or the surrounding landscape, all the rooms will be provided with sunlight, and the opportunity to walk into the yard − in the "own" garden − create conditions for communication of people
The presented version of the project of the hospital from Herzog & de Meuron reflects the close connection of the building with the surrounding landscape, thanks to the internal courtyards and rooftop gardens, which forms the aesthetically maintained space of a modern medical facility (Figure 5) [33]
Summary
Exterior together with the interior and the public welfare areas of the hospital significantly affect the emotional state of a person, especially the one who is sick, stressed and agitated . The territory of any medical facility should have a minimum set of compulsory constituent elements (entrance area, pedestrian sidewalks and highways, designated parking spaces for patients and staff, and official transport) In addition to these components the territory of a medical institution, designed on the modern principles of environmental and natural design, has to be qualitative and have the detailed improvement and landscape, that might guarantee the comfort staying for different groups of patients (age, with physical disabilities, etc.). This comfort could be satisfied with the availability of landscaping and park design − all these meet a person entering a hospital and from the very beginning and the person is able to evaluate and get an emotional impression of the surrounding architectural and urban space of the medical building and its territory in general
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