Abstract
Abstract The labor contract system in the old Kailuan mines was a peculiar form of capitalist and feudal exploitation combined. It was a product of the semicolonial, semifeudal society of Old China. Under the labor contract system, the capitalists of Kailuan contracted coal mining jobs out to labor contractors and made payments according to the quantity of output. The labor contractors then allocated a part of the payment to cover worker wages and the expenses of the contract board. The rest of the payments were kept by the labor contractors as their contract profit. In this way, an intermediate form of exploitation came between the capitalists and the workers. The application of the contract system thus necessarily led to further impoverishment of the workers.
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