Abstract
Recent generations of condensed-matter physicists have devoted a great deal of attention to the metallic environment and, e.g., the behavior of d and f-electron ions doped into s–p band host metals. From the indirect exchange between nuclei in simple metals of Ruderman and Kittel [27] came spin density oscillations surrounding localized magnetic moments [318] and indirect exchange couplings between such moments [319]. There then followed the Anderson model on how such local moments form on impurities in simple metals [320]. There was a surge of theoretical activity on these and related questions, [321] and out of that surge came a remarkable disclosure (among many), namely that in the case of a localized moment that undergoes antiferromagnetic exchange with electron spins in a surrounding electron gas, the exchange scattering diverges at low temperatures. And thus, the local moment d-state itself becomes unstable and collapses. Named after its discoverer, this came to be known as the “Kondo effect” [322].
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