Abstract
This chapter looks into the establishment of the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Philippines from the late 1920 to the eve of the Japanese occupation. It elaborates on how US colonialism influenced the emergence of a Chinese capitalist class that was unsympathetic to communism. Much to the consternation of the KMT, Chinese communists focused on mobilizing their working-class co-ethnics and carved out a space for themselves in Chinese society by the early 1930s. Even though the KMT institutionalized itself in the country and clashed with Sino-communism, it was in no position of hegemony. The chapter explains that the situation only became favourable for the KMT two years after 1945. It cites the lasting influence of the Philippine-Chinese Anti-Japanese Force (Wha Chi) coordinating activities with the Hukbalahap within the Philippine politics and the weakness of its ideological competitor.
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