Abstract
Effective purification of natural and wastewater from heavy metals is a relevant environmental and national-economic problem. It can be solved by using plant-waste-derived biosorbents in water treatment technologies. They are formed in large quantities by agricultural and food enterprises. Taking into consideration data on the peculiarities of mechanical and thermal effects on the components of plant biomass, the techniques have been substantiated to obtain biosorbents from pea processing waste. It has been shown that the dehydration of the waste, its carbonization, and the crushing of char can produce biosorbents with different sorption properties. The nature of influence exerted by the process parameters of the Cu(II) and Fe(III) ions biosorption from model aqueous solutions on a change in the concentration of the solution, the value, and adsorption uptake has been established. In particular, the effect of the process duration, the type and initial content of metal in the solution, dosage, and a biosorbent production technique was studied. It has been shown that 38 to 98 % of heavy metals can be removed from solutions at their initial concentration between 2 and 20 mg/dm3 and a biosorbent dosage between 1 and 30 g/dm3. It was found that char is more efficient at removing heavy metals. It was also determined that the biosorbents made from pea processing waste are better at removing the Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions than the Fe(III) ions. The generalization of the results of kinetic research is represented in the form of a multifactor regression equation. The equation makes it possible to calculate a change in the concentration of heavy metal in the solution depending on its initial concentration, the duration of the biosorption process, and the dosage of a biosorbent. For the mathematical notation of the experimental adsorption isotherms, values of the coefficients in a Langmuir equation have been determined. The derived equations could make it possible to optimize the technological parameters of the process
Highlights
One of the modern environmental problems is the growing contamination of natural water reservoirs with heavy metals
The aim of this study was to determine the kinetics of the process of extracting copper and iron ions from model aqueous solutions by the biosorbents obtained from pea processing waste according to various techniques
We have substantiated the choice of techniques to obtain biosorbents from pea processing waste in order to extract HM ions from aqueous solutions
Summary
One of the modern environmental problems is the growing contamination of natural water reservoirs with heavy metals (hereinafter referred to as HMs). The source of HMs’ arrival in the environment and reservoirs may be excess active sludge and sediment from biological wastewater treatment facilities Such waste should be disposed of by burying it in slag storage, by thermal or thermochemical treatment. The technology and materials selected for use should ensure the effective removal of HMs from the aquatic environment They must not become an additional source of toxic waste to the ecosystem. There are the following purification techniques of natural and wastewater from HMs: chemical precipitation, ion metabolism, membrane technologies, coagulation with flocculation, electrodialysis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation, electrical deposition, photocatalysis, adsorption. Numerous modifications of these techniques make it possible to remove HMs from aquatic environments with varying efficiency.
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