Abstract

This chapter examines the basic concepts involved in tackling quantitative problems. It is a very good idea to develop the habit of trying to estimate the result of a calculation in advance. It is also extremely important to quote the results of calculations to the appropriate number of significant figures. The number of significant figures in the quoted value of a quantity is the number of figures ignoring leading or trailing zeroes and ignoring the position of the decimal point; it provides a measure of the confidence with which that value is known. The chapter then looks at logarithms, which are expressions of the power to which a number is raised. The use of logarithms makes it possible to compress what can be a huge numerical range. The chapter also considers reciprocals. It details the process of testing hypotheses, before outlining some important statistical concepts.

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