The Joint Effects of Some Beverages Intake and Smoking on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Korean Adults: Data Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 2008-2015.

Ji Eun Min,Da-An Huh,Kyong Whan Moon

doi:10.3390/ijerph17072611

Ji Eun Min, Da-An Huh + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072611

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Abstract

Some beverages and smoking cause an inflammatory response in the lungs and airways in a similar way, ultimately affecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurrence. Using a nationally representative health survey database, this study investigates the individual and joint effects of consumption of different beverages and smoking on COPD. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 15,961 Korean adults in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey of 2008–2015. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) divided by forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.70. We used multiple linear and logistic regression models to examine the association of beverage consumption and smoking with an FEV1/FVC ratio and odds ratio (OR) for COPD. The mean FEV1/FVC ratio decreased with increasing soda intake (p = 0.016), coffee intake (p = 0.031), and smoking status; however, the mean FEV1/FVC ratio increased with increasing green tea intake frequency (p = 0.029). When soda intake increased to 10 times/month, the OR of having COPD increased to 1.04 times (95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). The positive joint effect of soda intake and smoking on COPD was marginally significant (p = 0.058). We found that soda intake, coffee intake, and smoking increased airflow limitation while green tea intake decreased it. In addition, soda intake and smoking had a positive joint effect on COPD in the Korean population.

Highlights

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic lung inflammation, causing airway and lung parenchymal damage and leading to irreversible airflow restriction [1]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic lung inflammation, causing airway and lung parenchymal damage and leading to irreversible airflow restriction [1].According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and it will become the third leading cause by 2020 [2]
COPD prevalence tended to decrease as the intake of soda or green tea increased, and COPD prevalence increased with increased smoking and coffee consumption

Summary

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic lung inflammation, causing airway and lung parenchymal damage and leading to irreversible airflow restriction [1]. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, COPD is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, and it will become the third leading cause by 2020 [2]. Smokers tend to consume high amounts of beverages such as soda, coffee, and green tea because of increased thirst after smoking [4,5]. Like smoking, these beverages have an effect on pulmonary function. A study conducted in Australia suggested that soda intake increases the prevalence of asthma [6], and a different study showed that coffee intake increases the risk of lung cancer [7]

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