The Jewish–Israeli Ethos of Conflict

Abstract

One of Bar-Tal’s main contributions is the concept of ethos of conflict. Ethos is defined as configuration of central societal beliefs that provides central characterization to the society and gives it a particular orientation. Ethos of conflict evolves during an intractable conflict. It is a major component of the psychological repertoire that allows a society to cope effectively with the stressful conditions produced by a conflict. But at the same time, the ethos functions as a barrier to the peace process by providing an epistemic basis for continuation of the conflict. It includes the following specific themes: shared beliefs about the goals in the conflict, security, own victimization, positive self-image, delegitimization of the opponent, patriotism, the need for national unity, and peace. The chapter elaborates on the content of these shared beliefs while focusing specifically on the Israeli–Jewish ethos during the years 1967–2013. The way ethos of conflict changes is also discussed as are potential causes of changes in ethos. In this context, the chapter refers to major events and major information as causes of change in ethos. It further discusses the reciprocal relationship between ethos of conflict and conflict resolution.