The IWGT in vitro Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation (MCGM) assays working group—Introductory remarks & consensus statements

Abstract

Assays for gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells, i.e., Mammalian Cell Gene Mutation (MCGM) assays, are widely used in genetic toxicology laboratories worldwide; over the past four decades they have been commonly employed in safety assessment studies, and studies designed to address hypothesis-driven research questions. Despite many advances in the fields of cellular and molecular biology over the past four decades, the MCGM assays commonly used for regulatory evaluations continue to be those developed in the 1970s, including assays that enumerate induced mutations at the hprt or tk loci of several commonly used cell lines. Consequently, the Steering Committee of the 7th International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) convened a working group (WG) to critically assess the state-of-the-science in regards to the current and emerging tools for the detection of mutagens using cultured mammalian cells. The WG was divided into four sub-groups that evaluated the state-of- the-science with respect to the: (1) in vitro Pig-a gene mutation assay, (2) in vitro assays based on cells from transgenic rodents, (3) technologies and innovations to improve MCGM assays using TK6 cells, and (4) novel and emerging technologies and approaches for detection and enumeration of gene mutations in mammalian cells. Each of these sub-groups critically reviewed the scientific literature, along with other unpublished data, to develop consensus statements on the status of the test systems in their respective focus areas. These reviews, with their associated consensus statements, are presented in the accompanying works by Bemis and Heflich., White et al., Honma et al., and Evans et al. The MCGM assay WG, in consultation with the entire IWGT, formulated consensus statements regarding the overall utility of MCGM assays for identification and assessment of mutagenic hazard.