Abstract
The Test Your Memory (TYM) is a brief self-administered, cognitive screening test, currently used in several settings. It requires minimal administrator supervision and the computation of the final test score takes approximately 2 min. We assessed the discrimination ability of the Italian version of the TYM (TYM-I) in detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in clinical setting. TYM-I was administered to 94 MCI patients and 134 healthy controls. The clinical diagnosis of MCI was considered as the gold standard. An extended formal neuropsychological test battery was used to define MCI subtypes. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to find the optimal cut-off and measure discrimination ability of TYM-I in detecting MCI. TYM-I had a similar area under the curve (AUC = 0.85) point estimate as Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (AUC = 0.83). A TYM-I score lower or equal to 36 was found to be optimal cut off to detect MCI. The TYM-I showed the highest discrimination ability among individuals aged more than 70 and high educational level (AUC = 0.89). The amnestic MCI subtype patients, compared to non-amnestic MCI patients, had worse performance in recall, orientation and visuospatial abilities TYM-I subscores. The TYM-I is a valid screening test in detecting cognitive dysfunction, easily carried out in clinical practice. The TYM-I subscores may allow to identify amnestic and non-amnestic MCI subtypes.
Highlights
The identification of individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia is important to guide clinical practice and has several implications for research including clinical trial recruitment and the development of dementia preventive strategies (Stephan et al, 2007; Brayne et al, 2011)
Significant differences were found between healthy controls (HCs) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) group on Test Your Memory (TYM)-I global score and on 10 out of 11 subscores
The TYM Italian version (TYM-I) global score correlated with age (p < 0.0001; r = -0.429), years of education (p < 0.0001; r = 0.410), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (p < 0.0001; r = 0.631), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) (p < 0.0001; r = 0.616), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (p = 0.0211; r = -0.155) scores
Summary
The identification of individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia is important to guide clinical practice and has several implications for research including clinical trial recruitment and the development of dementia preventive strategies (Stephan et al, 2007; Brayne et al, 2011). Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) refers to a heterogeneous condition, intermediate between. The Italian Version of TYM normal cognitive status and dementia, classified with different systems (Petersen et al, 1999; Petersen, 2004; Winblad et al, 2004; Matthews et al, 2009). Prevalence of MCI varies widely across different populations (between 0.1 and 42%) according to the applied criteria and the setting, with most systems classifying as MCI individuals with impairment in one or more cognitive domains (executive functions, memory, language, or visuospatial skills) and substantially normal functional activities (Stephan et al, 2007). In amnestic MCI, memory is the dominant problem, while in non-amnestic types of MCI, cognitive impairment affects functions other than memory. It is essential to adequately evaluate memory and other cognitive functions with specific tasks (Smirni et al, 2019)
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