The isolated neutron star candidate 2XMM J104608.7-594306

Abstract

Over the last decade, X-ray observations unveiled the existence of several classes of isolated neutron stars (INSs) whi ch are radioquiet or exhibit radio emission with properties much at variance with those of ordinary radio pulsars. The identificatio n of new sources is crucial in order to understand the relations among the different classes and to compare observational constraints with theoretical expectations. A recent analysis of the 2XMMp catalogue provided less than 30 new thermally emitting INS candidates. Among these, the source 2XMM J104608.7-594306 appears particularly interesting because of the softness of its X-ray sp ectrum, kT = 117± 14 eV and NH = (3.5± 1.1)× 10 21 cm −2 (3σ), and of the present upper limits in the optical, mB > 26, mV > 25.5 and mR > 25 (98.76% confidence level), which imply a logarithmic X-ra y-to-optical flux ratio log( FX/FV)> 3.1, corrected for absorption. We present the X-ray and optical properties of 2XMM J104608.7-594306 and discuss its nature in the light of two possible scenarios invoked to explain the X-ray thermal emission from INSs: the release of residual heat in a cooling neutron star, as in the s even radioquiet ROSAT-discovered INSs, and accretion from the interstellar medium. We find that the present observational picture of 2XMM J104608.7-594306 is consistent with a distant cooling INS with properties in agreement with the most up-to-date expectations of population synthesis models: it is fainter, hotter and more absorbed than the seven ROSAT sources and possibly located in the Carina Nebula, a region likely to harbour unidentified cooling neut ron stars. The accretion scenario, although not entirely ru led out by observations, would require a very slow (∼ 10 km s −1 ) INS accreting at the Bondi-Hoyle rate.