Abstract
The phenomenon of a congenital cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, recognised at the end of the 19th century, is a well-defined morphological and clinical entity known as the Dandy-Walker syndrome. The progress of neuroradiological diagnosis and neurosurgical treatment of hydrocephalus and tumours of the posterior fossa led to the recognition of a secondary, non-congenital dilatation of the fourth ventricle as a specific clinical syndrome, frequently associated with signs of a posterior fossa mass. This was first called the ‘Post-operative Dandy-Walker syndrome’ [13, 19], ‘double compartment hydrocephalus’ [3], ‘cystic transformation of the fourth ventricle’ or ‘trapped fourth ventricle’ [26]. The term ‘isolated fourth ventricle’, introduced by Hawkins [8] allows a precise definition, as it is used by Scotti et al. [20].
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