Abstract
Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become the main subject of the scientific medical world and all World Organizations, causing millions of deaths worldwide. In this review, we have highlighted the context of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, how the virus spreads, the symptoms and complications that may occur, and, especially, the drug treatment of viral infection, with emphasis on monoclonal antibodies. While well-known strains such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and, especially, Delta have shown an accelerated transmission among the population, the new Omicron variant (discovered on 24 November 2021) indicates more significant infectiousness and the poor efficacy of monoclonal antibody therapy due to mutations on the spike protein receptor-binding domain. With these discoveries, the experiments began, the first being in silico and in vitro, but these are not enough, and in vivo experiments are needed to see exactly the cause of neutralization of the action of these drugs. Following the documentation of the latest medical and scientific research, it has been concluded that there are many chemical molecules that have the potential to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, but more detailed clinical trials are needed for their use in therapy. In addition, it is important to consider the structure of the viral strain in the administration of treatment.
Highlights
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2020, ItalyThus, reported disease was named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization nificant increase in COVID-19 cases, most of which were identified in the northern part of (WHO) [2,3]
An important point to note is that hydroxychloroquine is a human Toll-like receptor (TLR) blocker and can inhibit endosomal TLR3, -7, -8, and -9 signaling, controlling inflammation in COVID-19 disease and ameliorating the negative effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection [76,77]
Summary
2020, ItalyThus, reported disease was named Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by World Health Organization nificant increase in COVID-19 cases, most of which were identified in the northern part of (WHO) [2,3]. The pandemic in northern Italy had a real psychological impact on those with the rate of infection rising sharply in mid-January, with the disease being reported working the field of health care. The contamination figure in January exceeded 360 million (MLN), resulting of involvements and deaths recorded of this Figure year; the situation is organized in more than 5,600,000 deaths (1.55% ofby theJanuary total infected). Januaryhad of this theconfirmed situation is cases, organized by WHO regions. [10].(1.11%) [10]
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