Abstract
The methods for studying surface deformation used in the National Engineering Laboratory are described. Deformed metal surfaces show an enhanced photoelectric emission which is studied with the aid of open-ended Geiger-M?ller counters or electron multipliers. Oxide films stripped from deformed metal surfaces are studied by electron-microscopy and changes in chemical reactivity by radioactive tracers. Surface topography is an important factor in lubrication and wear research and is being studied with the aid of interferometry, phase contrast and electron microscopy. Replica techniques are often applied with advantage.
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