Abstract
Objective: Obesity and overweight are the most frequent chronic medical problems, and the increasing prevalence of obesity is a worldwide phenomenon. According to the data of World Health Organization (WHO) obesity affects over 300 million people. This study reports the effects of adrenomedullin (AdM) in obesity, due to its functions as arranging vascular endothelial function, and adjusting adipogenesis. Material and Methods: Rats were separated into five groups randomly. Tissues were collected when the rats of obesity groups were gained 20% of their weights, and when the rats of calorie restricted groups were lost 20% of their weights. Then, AdM and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were measured. Results: We showed that AdM application increased VEGF in all tissues of calorie restriction+AdM group, and the most spectacular effect of AdM injection was the quite elevated VEGF level of white adipose tissue (WAT) in calorie restriction+AdM group, because these individuals need passive fat depots (WAT) more than biologically active fat tissue (brown adipose tissue: BAT). Other remarkable level was in obese+AdM; AdM application lowered VEGF level by diminishing WAT depots. Contrary to this, AdM application increased VEGF levels of BAT in obese+AdM group. Conclusion: There is a synergy between AdM and VEGF. AdM regulates the vascularization of tissues (WAT or BAT) according to the individual’s requirement. Consequently, AdM may have a protective effect towards obesity, and according to metabolic situation of individual’s adipose tissue, AdM application may provide consumption of energy by increasing vasculature of BAT in obese individuals.
Highlights
World Health Organization (WHO) defines obesity as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that disrupts health [1]
We showed that AdM application increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in all tissues of calorie restriction+AdM group, and the most spectacular effect of AdM injection was the quite elevated VEGF level of white adipose tissue (WAT) in calorie restriction+AdM group, because these individuals need passive fat depots (WAT) more than biologically active fat tissue
AdM regulates the vascularization of tissues (WAT or BAT) according to the individual’s requirement
Summary
WHO defines obesity as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that disrupts health [1]. Overweight represents the person weights over from standards according to height and age; obesity represents the excessive body fat. AdM is a biologically active peptide that has various effects including vasodilatation, the regulation of vascular endothelial function, inhibition of cardiovascular alteration, adjusting adipogenesis, and decreasing insulin resistance [8]. There is AdM in circulation; the levels of plasma AdM are found increased in hypertension, obesity, heart failure, acute myocardial infarct, and atherosclerotic vascular disease [9, 10]. Because of its biological functions, it is assumed that AdM takes part in the mechanisms act against development or progress of metabolic or cardiovascular diseases [11,12,13]
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