Abstract
Purpose Recurrent miscarriage applies to pregnancy loss expulsion of the fetus within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy. This study is aimed at comparatively investigating the sera of women with RM with those who have no record of miscarriages to identify if there were any metabolite and metabolic pathway differences using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Methods Serum samples were collected from women with RM (n = 30) and those who had no records of RM (n = 30) to obtain metabolomics information. 1H NMR spectroscopy was carried out on the samples using Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill spin echo; also, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis was performed in MATLAB software using the ProMetab program to obtain the classifying chemical shifts; the metabolites were identified by using the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) in both the experimental and control groups. The pathway analysis option of the Metaboanalyst.ca website was used to identify the changed metabolic pathways. Results The results of the study revealed that 14 metabolites were different in the patients with RM. Moreover, the pathway analysis showed that taurine and hypotaurine metabolism along with phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis was significantly different in patients with RM. Conclusion The present study proposes that any alteration in the above metabolic pathways might lead to metabolic dysfunctions which may result in a higher probability of RM.
Highlights
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) refers to cases where three or more recurrent miscarriages occur before the twentieth week of pregnancy [1]
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), RM refers to the expulsion or death of a fetus weighing less or more than 500 grams within the 20th to 24th week of pregnancy [2]
Our study investigated the difference in metabonomics of sera of patients with RM with those women who had no history of miscarriages and had at least two children
Summary
Recurrent miscarriage (RM) refers to cases where three or more recurrent miscarriages occur before the twentieth week of pregnancy [1]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), RM refers to the expulsion or death of a fetus weighing less or more than 500 grams within the 20th to 24th week of pregnancy [2]. RM may be described as primary which refers to cases that have not experienced any live birth and secondary RM denoting patients with at least one live child [6]. Conducted studies demonstrated that women who experienced miscarriages are prone to having a higher risk of miscarriage in their subsequent pregnancy than those who had successful deliveries [7]. Severe problems affecting people with RM are psychological disorders and sometimes even marital decline [8]
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