Abstract
In the present article, the effects of temperature and nanoparticles volume fraction on the viscosity of copper oxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid have been investigated experimentally. The experiments have been conducted in volume fractions of 0 to 1.5 % and temperatures from 27.5 to 50 °C. The shear stress computed by experimental values of viscosity and shear rate for volume fraction of 1% and in different temperatures show that this nanofluid has Newtonian behaviour. The experimental results reveal that in a given volume fraction when temperature increases, viscosity decreases, but relative viscosity varies. Also, in a specific temperature, nanofluid viscosity and relative viscosity increase when volume fraction increases. The maximum amount of increase in relative viscosity is 82.46% that occurs in volume fraction of 1.5% and temperature of 50 °C. Some models of computing nanofluid viscosity have been suggested. The greatest difference between the results obtained from these models and experimental results was down of 4 percent that shows that there is a very good agreement between experimental results and the results obtained from these models.
Highlights
Ethylene glycol is an organic combination that is used in thermal transformers, automobiles, air conditioners, and cooling systems operating in a temperature lower than water freezing point
There is a big difference between experimental results and the results obtained from these models, and these models are not able to estimate the viscosity of copper oxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid
One can realize that nanofluid viscosity increases with an increase in nanofluid volume fraction in all investigated temperatures
Summary
Ethylene glycol is an organic combination that is used in thermal transformers, automobiles, air conditioners, and cooling systems operating in a temperature lower than water freezing point. Liu et al [22] investigated this nanofluid relative thermal conductivity for different volume fractions of copper oxide nanoparticles. In none of these researches the effect of temperature variations on viscosity and shear rate of CuO/EG nanofluid has been investigated. The effect of temperature variation and volume fraction on viscosity of Cuo/FG nanofluid has been investigated and a relationship has been presented for it. It is evident in this figure that copper oxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid with volume fraction of 1% and in different temperatures has a Newtonian behaviour. In this work CuO nanoparticles with average diameter of 40 nm were dispersed in ethylene glycol using shear homogenization and probe ultra-sonication (1200 W, 20 kHz, Kimia nano danesh). For preparing the lower nanofluids concentration the CuO–ethylene glycol nanofluid was diluted
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