Abstract
In the 1960s, researchers and scholars with very different approaches to studying the peasantry met up in Paris. For American anthropologists, the peasantry in Europe and South America constituted a new field of study ; French geographers and historians (particularly Medievalists) had amassed a great number of regional studies ; the tradition of the populist Russian agronomists had been rediscovered ; and Marxist economists and sociologists were trying to account for vestiges of the peasantry in light of Marx's prediction that peasants would disappear. These different disciplines and approaches, in part impelled by the French agricultural revolution and the repeated failure of socialist-run agriculture, were able to develop together a theory of the peasantry.
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