Abstract
Background. Women with diabetes mellitus type I and type II need effective contraception for personal and medical reasons. Long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are among the most efficient and cost-effective methods. Study Design. We searched the Popline, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from 1961 to March 2013 for studies on the efficacy of the IUD in diabetic women and the possible changes it may produce in laboratory parameters. Studies of at least 30 subjects with DM1 or DM2 who were studied for 6 to 12 months depending on the method of analysis were eligible. Results. The search produced seven articles which gave event rate efficacy evaluable results and three which evaluated the effect of the IUD on laboratory parameters. One of the earlier efficacy studies showed an abnormally high pregnancy rate which sparked a controversy which is discussed in the Introduction section. The remaining 6 studies produced acceptable pregnancy rates. The three laboratory studies showed that the copper and levonorgestrel releasing IUD/IUS do not affect the diabetic state in any way. Conclusions. The copper bearing and levonorgestrel releasing IUDs are safe and effective in women with diabetes type I and diabetes type II although the evidence in the latter is limited.
Highlights
This paper evaluates the use of inert, copper bearing and hormone releasing intrauterine device (IUD) in women with DM1 and DM2 and compares the pregnancy rate with nondiabetic experiences and with nondiabetic controls where available
Three articles met the criteria for the evaluation of laboratory parameters in diabetic women while using an IUD [30,31,32]
The 32 full-text articles which were excluded were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria because these articles were predominantly concerned with all types of contraception not just IUDs in diabetic women
Summary
DM2 was termed “aged onset” or “maturity onset” diabetes indicating that it appeared in later life Many will be suited to and may want to use a long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method such as the intrauterine device (IUD). We searched the Popline, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov databases from 1961 to March 2013 for studies on the efficacy of the IUD in diabetic women and the possible changes it may produce in laboratory parameters. The search produced seven articles which gave event rate efficacy evaluable results and three which evaluated the effect of the IUD on laboratory parameters. The three laboratory studies showed that the copper and levonorgestrel releasing IUD/IUS do not affect the diabetic state in any way. The copper bearing and levonorgestrel releasing IUDs are safe and effective in women with diabetes type I and diabetes type II the evidence in the latter is limited
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