Abstract
The development of high resolution real-time ultrasound has led to a new application: intraoperative real-time sonography. The following uses have been demonstrated at our institution: (1) localization of brain tumors for biopsy or removal, (2) evaluation of intraventricular shunt tube placement, (3) localization of renal calculi for removal, and (4) evaluation of the hepatobiliary system in the morbidly obese. The ultrasound evaluation has assisted the surgeon in improved patient care by decreasing operating time, decreasing tissue injury, and providing better localization of lesions. Intraoperative ultrasound is in its infancy as yet; its uses are still evolving. Perhaps the greatest factor that might lead to its further growth would be a modification in current real-time ultrasound equipment design. Smaller, malleable transducers focused at various depths and able to withstand gas sterilization would greatly encourage the further development of intraoperative ultrasound.
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