The intractum from the Eleutherococcus senticosus fruits affects the innate immunity in human leukocytes: From the ethnomedicinal use to contemporary evidence-based research

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevanceIn the ethnomedicine of Russia, the Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. fruits and roots are used to treat immune-related diseases. Because of the overexploitation of the roots, the species is considered to be endangered and is put on the Red List in some countries (e.g. the Republic of Korea). Therefore, the aerial parts of E. senticosus might be explored as a new sustainable source of compounds with an adaptogenic activity. Aim of the studyThis study is aimed to evaluate the adaptogenic activity of the Eleutherococcus senticosus fruits intractum to support the use of the fruits in folk medicine of Russia. Materials and methodsThe effect on IL-2 and IL-10 release by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was measured by the ELISA, the CPE on the A549 and PBLs were determined with trypan blue and the MTT. The innate immunity assay was done in the VSV-PBLs model. Metabolic profiling was done using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-RID. ResultsWe report for the first time that the intractum (300 μg/mL) and eleutheroside E (100 μg/mL) and B (100 μg/mL) do not act as a virucidal agent (VSV). The intractum and eleutherosides E and B caused the increase of the PBLs proliferation up to 24.61 and 100%, resp. The decreased viral replication in the VSV-PBLs-Int model might be associated with an increased secretion of IL-10 (328 pg/mL). Eleutheroside E and B did not affect the innate immunity. No eleutherosides were determined in the intractum, the ethyl acetate layer contained caffeic and protocatechuic acids. A large amount of myo-inositol and D-mannitol was found (267.5 and 492.5 mg/g DE). ConclusionsOur observations justify the traditional use of the fruits in Russia in immune-related diseases. The results mean that there are other compounds than eleutherosides responsible for the adaptogenic effect, probably myo-inositol and caffeic acid, for which an immunostimulatory activity has already been confirmed.