Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the various aspects of research on intracisternal type A particles (IAPs)—expression in early development, genomic sequences as chromosomal genes and transposable elements, general molecular biology, and proteins as neoantigen in autoimmune diabetes. IAPs are defective retrovirions encoded by the members of a large family of endogenous proviral elements. The particles assemble on the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and bud into the cisternae. IAP genetic elements transposes in the genome of mouse tumor cells and also in the germ line of several mouse strains. Most of the tranpositions are found because they affect the function of genes at the target sites. IAP transpositions are a source of genetic variability and as such may contribute to the process of neoplastic transformation. The chapter is useful to investigators who encounter IAP-related proteins and are concerned directly with the role of endogenous transposable elements in normal development or neoplasia. Although IAP expression is a common accompaniment of transformation in mouse cells, there is no evidence for a direct causal relationship between the two phenomena of transformation or tumor progression—that is, IAP proviral elements are not known to have acquired cellular oncogenes or to integrate regularly at preferred sites near cellular transforming elements.
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