Abstract
The investigation of the interrelationship between shallow groundwater and lake water is one of the important characteristics in groundwater basin research. An understanding of the location properties can be used for the lakebank fitration pontential evaluation. The objective of this research was to describe the interrelationship of shallow groundwater and the lake water from ISTN lake and Babakan lake. An effective tracer in groundwater basin research can use the environmental isotopes method for revealing the interrelationship between lake water and surrounding shallow groundwater. This research was conducted by taking samples of shallow groundwater from the surrounding wells around the ISTN and Babakan lakes. Based on isotopes δ 2H vs. δ 18O results, the shallow groundwater of the surrounding wells originated from the lake water. The results were verified with a student test distribution using 95% confidence level which showed that all samples were in one cluster. From the analysis of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of the samples locations, all of the samples were in range of fresh water but the pH of some samples was lower than the pH requirement for drinking water, so the pH should be improved before consumption.
Highlights
The development of a city will increase its population, resulting in an increased need for the availability and supply of good quality water for society, industry and agriculture
Water sampling was collected from ISTN lake, Babakan lake and the shallow groundwater in the surrounding areas
From the determination of the water samples, the following results were obtained: 3.1 Sampling for ISTN lake, Babakan lake and shallow groundwater in the areas surrounding ISTN and Babakan lakes At each point of the study area the sampling for pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) analysis was done for both lake water sample data and the surrounding shallow groundwater
Summary
The development of a city will increase its population, resulting in an increased need for the availability and supply of good quality water for society, industry and agriculture. Several advanced processing technologies have been developed and implemented by drinking water companies to treat water. Such methods include adsorption, ion exchange, membrane filtration, groundwater treatment, and advanced oxidation techniques. Despite the effectiveness of this technology, there is a broad challenge to its application in developing countries. This is mainly due to costs, especially for processing in large quantities. Lakebank filtration (LBF) is an efficient and natural alternative technology for low-cost development of lake water/surface water and is an old method for obtaining drinking water by using sub-surface capacity near lakebanks as a natural filter in which lake water is taken through a pump [3, 4]. During infiltration through the soil layer, surface water is exposed to a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes such as filtration, dilution, adsorption, and biodegradation that can significantly improve the quality of raw water for water requirements in domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption [2, 5, 6]
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