Abstract
Urine drug screens (UDS) are widely encountered across medical disciplines, including the cardiovascular subspecialties. The proper interpretation of such a readily available and seemingly simple qualitative test can be more complicated than anticipated. Urine immunoassay tests are limited by false positive and false negative results, which vary by commercial assay and manufacturer. Confirmatory testing can be useful in some specific scenarios but requires specialised toxicology laboratories for sample processing and interpretation. An appreciation for the techniques and limits of UDS will help all clinicians, including cardiovascular specialists, to interpret test results appropriately and steward resources judiciously.
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