The interplay of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle choices in hypertension management among women in Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. It contributes extensively to the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The management of hypertension is influenced by a complex interplay of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study assessed the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors among women undergoing treatment in a tertiary medical college and hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study, spanning six months, involved 371 participants diagnosed with hypertension. Data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, blood pressure measurements, and physical assessments. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, T-tests, and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Most respondents (52.84%) were over 60 years old, with a higher rate of controlled hypertension observed in this age group. Socio-demographic factors such as education and income levels significantly influenced hypertension control, with higher socioeconomic status correlating with better hypertension management. Lifestyle factors, including BMI, smoking status, and physical activity, played a crucial role in hypertension control. The study also highlighted the significant impact of comorbid conditions such as dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus on hypertension management. Notably, there were marked disparities in hypertension control between urban and rural residents. Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to address the socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants influencing hypertension management among adult women in Bangladesh. Tailored strategies that consider these factors are essential for improving hypertension control, reducing the burden of CVDs, and enhancing the health and well-being of this vulnerable population. Collaborative efforts from healthcare providers, policymakers, and public health professionals are crucial to developing and implementing effective hypertension management programs.