Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the odds ratio for association between working hours and obesity in Korean male wage workers and investigate the role of sleep duration. This study is a cross-sectional one using large-scale national data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2010 and 2015 to evaluate 2,592 male wage workers (between the ages of 19 and 60 years). Obesity was defined as 25kg/m2 or more and working hours per week were categorized into <40, 40–49, 50–59, and ≥60 hours. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the odds ratio for association between working hours and obesity, after controlling for age, education, income, marital status, smoking, drinking, physical activity, daily energy intake, sleep duration, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, work schedule, and job category. Next, to study the mediating effect of sleep duration on the association between working hours and obesity, an analysis was performed using the Baron and Kenny method and the Sobel test. Results showed that workers with 50 to 59 hours had 1.4 times higher odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–1.85) of obesity and workers with 60 hours or more had 1.4 times higher odds (OR = 1.4, CI: 1.06–1.90) of obesity than workers with less than 40 hours. Sleep was found to have a mediating effect on the association between working time and body mass index. Therefore, the results of this analysis suggest that practitioners should identify potential factors such as working time and sleeping time when preventing work-related obesity.
Highlights
The chi-square test showed that the distribution of variables such as age, education level, income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, sleeping time, daily energy intake, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, work schedule, employment status, and job category, differed significantly between the obese and nonobese groups
In Step 3, after adjusting for the effect of sleep duration, working hours did not continue to have a significant association with BMI, but it was found that sleep duration was negatively associated with BMI (B = -0.096±0.035, p = 0.08)
In the final model, working hours did not continue to have a significant association with BMI, but it was found that sleep duration was negatively associated with BMI
Summary
According to the WHO, in 2016, 39% of all adults worldwide were overweight, and 13% of the adult population was obese. This is approximately a threefold increase between 1975 and 2016 [6]. From 1975 to 2014, a study of the trend of changes in BMI in 19.2 million 18-year-olds in 200 countries showed a steady increase in obesity. If this trend continues, it is estimated that the global prevalence of obesity by 2025 will exceed 18% for men and 21% for women [8]
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