Abstract
The antiferromagnetism (AFM) and antiferroquadrupolar (AFQ) ordering in TmGa 3 was investigated by resonant x-ray scattering (RXS), using photons tuned to the Tm L 3 absorption edge. The AFQ RXS is most evident from an enhancement of the σσ intensity in the dipole energy threshold of the Tm L 3 edge. The AFQ order was found to have the same ordering wave-vector as the AFM q = (0,1/2,1/2). However, the AFQ and AFM intensities could be easily separated using polarisation analysis. A comparison of the σσ and σπ polarisations of the (0,1/2,3/2) reflection suggests that the quadrupole-quadrupole interactions are driving the onset antiferromagnetism. Furthermore, the width of the magnetic scattering was found to be broader than that of the quadrupole. in TmGa 3 , perhaps by the quadrupole coupling.
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