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Abstract
Language switching involves multiple processing stages. Previous studies have not dissociated the cognitive process underlying language form switches and concept switches. Here, we examined the two factors using a novel language-switching paradigm. Chinese-English bilinguals named individually presented pictures in either Chinese or English according to a language cue. Pictures in two consecutive trials represented either identical, semantically related, or unrelated concepts. Results showed both language (form) switch costs and concept switch costs. The interaction between these two factors suggested that the effects were additive, with the longest naming response times observed when two pictures were semantically unrelated and involved a switch between languages. These findings suggest that the functional loci of the language control mechanism occur at multiple processing stages. Implications of the findings are discussed within current models of language processing in bilinguals.
Highlights
In daily life, bilingual speakers need to switch between the native language and second language according to the interlocutors
The present study aimed to address this issue by examining the interplay between language form and concept1 during language switching
The present study aims to examine how language form and concept modulate language switching during bilingual speech production
Summary
Bilingual speakers need to switch between the native language and second language according to the interlocutors. Experimental Psychology has used the language-switching paradigm to investigate the underlying mechanism of language control during speech production. Language control may occur at different processing stages (Declerck and Philipp, 2015a). When bilingual speakers switch from the English word “chair” to the Chinese word “ ” (“apple”), it requires switching between language forms (i.e., from English to Chinese) and updating concepts (i.e., from “CHAIR” to “APPLE”) (Zhang et al, 2019). The underlying mechanism of language control at multiple processing stages within the language processing system remains an open issue. The present study aimed to address this issue by examining the interplay between language form and concept during language switching
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