Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of international wine trade complexities, focusing on the period 2000–2011. Since 2000 the wine trade has grown significantly and its structure has experienced major changes. Such changes are shaping the current competitive scenario of the wine market and are the base elements for its future development. The paper analyses the growth of world wine imports, considering all wines together and the single categories recognized by global statistics (bottled, bulk and sparkling wine). It then describes the changes in the geography of importers with the emergence of new markets and the competitive performance of the main suppliers. The bulk wine trade, the re-export of wine and the exposure of trade flows to trade barriers are also analyzed in detail. Finally, on the basis of the dominant trend in wine consumption and changes in the supply chain, the critical issues arising from analysis are examined, with the need for further research being underlined.
Highlights
Wine has traditionally been a traded good but only in the past two decades, the international wine trade has experienced considerable growth: in the 1960s the exported share of global wine production was 10% and in 1990 this share had reached only 15%
The international trade in wine has been boosted by increasing demand mainly in Asian countries which until recently were only marginally involved in wine imports, and production is increasing in some importing countries (China, India, Brazil) and in those with considerable potential (Ukraine)
This paper aims to offer a contribution to the understanding of the complexities of the international wine trade, focusing on the period 2000–2011
Summary
Wine has traditionally been a traded good but only in the past two decades, the international wine trade has experienced considerable growth: in the 1960s the exported share of global wine production was 10% and in 1990 this share had reached only 15%. This study analyses the growth of world wine imports, considering all wines together and the single categories recognised by global statistics (Section 2) It describes the changes in the geography of importers with the emergence of new markets (Section 3) and the competitive performance of the main suppliers (Section 4). Wine trade flows are disaggregated into the three wine categories of the Harmonised System at a six-digit level of disaggregation: (i) code 220421, non-sparkling wine in containers holding 2 litres or less (hereafter: bottled wine); (ii) code 220429, nonsparkling wine in containers holding more than 2 litres (hereafter: bulk wine); (iii) code 220410, sparkling wine Given both the importance and complexity of such issues, an exhaustive analysis lies beyond the scope of our paper. The objective is to show, with statistics to hand, the overlying importance of some traits of the evolution of the international wine trade as elements of change and stress their importance as critical issues for the business community and policy makers and as a specific research field for academics
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