Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is the mixture of lipids and proteins that lowers surface tension in the lungs. The material forms a thin film on the aqueous layer that lines the alveolar air-sacks. When compressed by the shrinking alveolar surface area during exhalation, the surfactant film achieves surface tensions less than 5 mN/m. The molecular arrangement of the film that sustains these low tensions remains obscure. Phospholipid monolayers in ordered, condensed phases can replicate that behavior, but not disordered, fluid films.
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