Abstract
Using the reality condition of the solutions, one constructs the real Pfaffian N-solitons solutions of the Novikov–Veselov (NV) equation using the function and the Schur identity. By the minor-summation formula of the Pfaffian, we can study the interactions of solitons in the NV equation from the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation’s point of view, that is, the totally non-negative Grassmannian. Especially, the Y-type resonance, O-type, and the P-type interactions of X-shape are investigated. Also, the maximum amplitude of the intersection of the line solitons and the critical angle is computed. In addition, one makes a comparison with the KP-(II) equation.
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