Abstract
Background: The metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder which occurs as a result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The interaction between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) Pro12Ala polymorphism and dietary fats has been proposed to act in the pathogenesis of syndrome. This study aimed to verify whether dietary nutrient intake interacts with the PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism to modulate the features of the syndrome. Methods: A total of 150 patients with metabolic syndrome participated. All subjects underwent a clinical, anthropometrical, biochemical and nutritional assessment and analysis of Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ genotype. Results: The polymorphism was detected in 14% of the sample (1.3% AlaAla homozygote and 12.7% AlaPro heterozygote). Biochemical indicators of lipid profile, glucose and liver function did not differ significantly with PPARγ genotype (p>0.05). Amongst the anthropometrical measurements, only lean body mass was significantly different with PPARγ genotype (p=0.032). There was no evidence that the association of either individual macronutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fat) or type of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated) with metabolic syndrome were modified by PPARγ Pro12Ala genotype (p>0.05 for all). Conclusions: The results suggest that PPARγ Pro12Ala polymorphism cannot modulate the association between dietary fat intake and components of the metabolic syndrome.
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