The interaction of dietary fatty acid and cholesterol on catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the rat heart

Abstract

Diets supplemented with high levels of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids supplied by addition of sheep kidney fat or sunflower seed oil, respectively, were fed to rats with or without dietary cholesterol. The effects of these diets on cardiac membrane lipid composition, catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase and β-adrenergic receptor activity associated with cardiac membranes, were determined. The fatty acid-supplemented diets, either with or without cholesterol, resulted in alterations in the proportion of the ( n − 6) to ( n − 3) series of unsaturated fatty acids, with the sunflower seed oil increasing and the sheep kidney fat decreasing this ratio, but did not by themselves significantly alter the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids. However, cholesterol supplementation resulted in a decrease in the proportion of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a dramatic increase in oleic acid in cardiac membrane phospholipids irrespective of the nature of the dietary fatty acid supplement. The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of cardiac membrane lipids was also markedly increased with dietary cholesterol supplementation. Although relatively unaffected by the nature of the dietary fatty acid supplement, catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was significantly increased with dietary cholesterol supplementation and was positively correlated with the value of the membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Although the dissociation constant for the β-adrenergic receptor, determined by [ 125I](−)-iodocyanopindolol binding, was unaffected by the nature of the dietary lipid supplement, the number of β-adrenergic receptors was dramatically reduced by dietary cholesterol and negatively correlated with the value of the membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. These results indicate that the activity of the membrane-associated β-adrenergic/adenylate cyclase system of the heart can be influenced by dietary lipids particularly those altering the membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and presumably membrane physico-chemical properties. In the face of these dietary-induced changes, a degree of homeostasis was apparent both with regard to membrane fatty acid composition in response to an altered membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, and to down regulation of the β-adrenergic receptor in response to enhanced catecholamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity.