The interaction between the dopaminergic forebrain projections and the medial prefrontal cortex is critical for memory of objects: Implications for Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies have implicated the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway and the prefrontal cortex in learning and memory deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, little is known about how these two brain regions interact in the processing of learning and memory. We employed a disconnection procedure to test whether interaction of these regions contributes to performance in various memory tasks. Male rats received either a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the nigro-striatal tract or a unilateral NMDA lesion in the medial prefrontal cortex, or both these lesions combined in either the same or opposite hemispheres. Spontaneous object exploration, spatial working memory, locomotor, emotional and sensorimotor tests were administered. Only the group with both lesions placed in opposite hemispheres failed to show object recognition memory. None of the groups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine showed intact temporal order memory, whereas only the groups that received combined lesions failed to show object-in-place and spatial recognition memory. No differences between groups were found in the spatial working memory test. Our data indicate that locomotor, emotional and sensorimotor factors are not likely to confound the results of the memory tests. Thus, the interaction between the dopaminergic forebrain projections, particularly the nigrostriatal dopamine, and the medial prefrontal cortex is critical for object recognition memory but not for spatial working memory in rats.