Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory disease, which mainly affects the lungs. Critically ill patients are easily complicated by cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and respiratory failure, which seriously threaten their lives. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common interstitial lung disease, and its pathogenesis may involve the participation of a variety of immune cells and inflammatory factors. Current studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 may be complicated by pulmonary fibrosis, and patients with pulmonary fibrosis may also be at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 than healthy people. Pulmonary fibrosis is an important risk factor leading to the aggravation of COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 complicated by cytokine storm and ARDS mechanism pathways are similar to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The potential interaction between pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19 can cause acute exacerbation of the patient’s condition, but the potential mechanism between the two has not been fully elucidated. Most of the drug treatment programs for COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis are currently formulated about the relevant guidelines for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and there is no clear drug treatment program recommendation. This article aims to summarize the relevant mechanism pathways of COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis, explore the interrelationships and possible mechanisms, and discuss the value and risks of existing and potential COVID-19-related pulmonary fibrosis treatment drugs, to provide reference for anti-fibrosis treatment for patients.
Highlights
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) belongs to the coronavirus subfamily, named coronavirus disease 2019 by the World Health Organization
Even though scientific researchers around the world are dedicated to studying the novel coronavirus infection, the progress and outcome of COVID-19, and related treatment drugs, less than 2 years after the outbreak, there are still many research gaps and many mechanisms
The treatment of COVID-19 associated pulmonary fibrosis can only be based on the existing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) treatment regimen
Summary
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) belongs to the coronavirus subfamily, named coronavirus disease 2019 by the World Health Organization. It is more infectious than Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common interstitial lung disease, and its pathogenesis may involve the joint participation of various immune cells and inflammatory factors. It is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lung interstitium, which destroys typical parenchymal structure and leads to progressive loss of lung function. COVID-19 can lead to more severe ARDS, while IPF usually progresses slowly, and the incidence is hidden
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