Abstract
Background and Aim: Genetic variation in fatty acid desaturases (FADS) has previously been linked to several diet-related diseases. We aimed to determine whether the FADS2 rs174583 variant interacts with the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) to influence cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 347 apparently healthy obese adults (aged 20–50 years). Dietary quality indicator scores (DASH and MDS) were generated using a validated 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The FADS2 rs174583 variant was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The gene–diet interaction was analyzed by the ANCOVA multivariate interaction model.Results: A significant interaction was observed between rs174583 and adherence to the DASH score in relation to serum triglyceride (TG) concentration among the female group (P Interaction = 0.046); CT-genotype carriers who were assigned to the second tertile of DASH compared with those in the first tertile had a lower TG level (P < 0.05). Another significant interaction was revealed between adherence to MDS score and rs174583 polymorphism on serum glucose levels (P Interaction = 0.044); the lowest mean of glucose level was observed in homozygous minor subjects (TT) in the third tertile of MDS, in comparison with other tertiles of this dietary index (P < 0.05). There was a similar significant interaction between DASH and rs174583 in relation to diastolic blood pressure (P Interaction = 0.038) among the male group. Additionally, a significant positive association was found between TT genotype and odds of having high TG both in the crude (OR, 3.21; 95% CI, 1.02–10.14) and adjusted (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.07–11.97) models, taking into account different confounders.Conclusion: Adherence to the dietary quality indicators (DASH and MDS) modified the relationship between FADS2 rs174583 polymorphism and cardio-metabolic risk factors in obese subjects. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.
Highlights
Obesity, as a consequence of nutrition transition, has emerged as a major global health problem and is a worldwide epidemic [1]
We found consistently significant interactions between adherence to Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and rs174583 polymorphism of the FADS2 gene in relation to serum TG level among female subjects; the CT heterozygote which was assigned to the second tertile of DASH had the lower TG level than those who were in the first tertile
We revealed novel evidence from an aspect of gene–diet interaction that the associations between the FADS2 rs174583 polymorphism and cardio-metabolic risk factors depend on the diet consumed
Summary
As a consequence of nutrition transition, has emerged as a major global health problem and is a worldwide epidemic [1]. Considering the broad roles that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have in the development of non-communicable diseases [12], recent candidate gene studies have concentrated on the contribution of genetic variants in fatty acid desaturases (FADS) to changes in the profile of endogenous fatty acids [13]. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS1 and FADS2 genes have been associated with altered activity of D5D and D6D enzymes and risk of obesity [17] and itsrelated conditions, such as elevated level of triglyceride, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations [18], and a higher risk of coronary disease [19] and type 2 diabetes [20]. We aimed to determine whether the FADS2 rs174583 variant interacts with the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and Mediterranean dietary score (MDS) to influence cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese adults
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