Abstract
The screen-printed electrodes have gained increasing importance due to their advantages, such as robustness, portability, and easy handling. The manuscript presents the investigation of the interaction between double-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) and three anthracyclines: epirubicin (EPI), idarubicin (IDA), and doxorubicin (DOX) by differential pulse voltammetry on metal nanoparticles modified by screen-printed electrodes. In order to investigate the interaction, the voltammetric signals of dsDNA electroactive bases were used as an indicator. The effect of various metal nanomaterials on the signals of guanine and adenine was evaluated. Moreover, dsDNA/PtNPs/AgNPs/SPE (platinum nanoparticles/silver nanoparticles/screen-printed electrodes) was designed for anthracyclines–dsDNA interaction studies since the layer-by-layer modification strategy of metal nanoparticles increases the surface area. Using the signal of multi-layer calf thymus (ct)-dsDNA, the within-day reproducibility results (RSD%) for guanine and adenine peak currents were found as 0.58% and 0.73%, respectively, and the between-day reproducibility results (RSD%) for guanine and adenine peak currents were found as 1.04% and 1.26%, respectively. The effect of binding time and concentration of three anthracyclines on voltammetric signals of dsDNA bases were also evaluated. The response was examined in the range of 0.3–1.3 ppm EPI, 0.1–1.0 ppm IDA and DOX concentration on dsDNA/PtNPs/AgNPs/SPE. Electrochemical studies proposed that the interaction mechanism between three anthracyclines and dsDNA was an intercalation mode.
Highlights
Chemotherapy through drug administration is an integral part of the cancer treatment program
Either through cleavage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleic acid base-pair backbone or binding, which occurs through three modes: (a) long-range electrostatic interactions, (b) noncovalent complexes by either intercalation of a planar drug molecule between the nitrogenous base pairs distorting the double-helical structure of DNA, lengthening and unwinding the duplex, or (c) groove binding through intermolecular interactions which involve the interaction of crescent-shaped molecules with the DNA, resulting in inhibition of the division and transcription of cancer cells [3,4,5]
This paper presents the electrochemical interaction of IDA, DOX, and EPI and calf thymus double‐strand DNA on a metallic nanoparticle‐modified screen-printed electrodes (SPE)
Summary
Chemotherapy through drug administration is an integral part of the cancer treatment program. The subject of electrochemical biosensors has been pursued relentlessly [6,7,8] Due to their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, good selectivity, fast detection, experimental convenience, and high sensitivity compared to other conventional nucleic acid assays, such biosensors are highly significant and valuable in molecular diagnostics, drug discovery, pharmacogenomics, gene expression studies, sequencing, pathogen classification, and genotyping [9,10]. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are significantly considered in developing electrochemical sensors and biosensors Because of their small size, metallic nature, high surface activity, good electrical properties, and strong absorption ability, these nanoparticles act as excellent substrates to facilitate electron transfer between a broad range of electroactive species [35,36].
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