Abstract
BackgroundStudies indicate genetic and lifestyle factors can contribute to optimal bone development. In particular, the intensity level of physical activity may have an impact on bone health. This study aims to assess the relationship between physical activity at different intensities and Bone Mineral Content (BMC), Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Bone Area (BA) accretion.MethodsThis longitudinal study is a part of The CHAMPS study-DK. Whole-body DXA scans were performed at baseline and after two years follows up. BMC, BMD, and BA were measured. The total body less head (TBLH) values were used. Physical activity (PA) was recorded by accelerometers (ActiGraph, model GT3X). Percentages of different PA intensity levels were calculated and log odds of two intensity levels of activity relative to the third level were calculated. Multilevel regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the categories of physical activity and bone traits.ResultsOf 800 invited children, 742 (93%) accepted to participate. Of these, 682/742 (92%) participated at follow up. Complete datasets were obtained in 602/742 (81%) children. Mean (range) of age was 11.5 years (9.7-13.9). PA at different intensity levels was for boys and girls respectively, sedentary 62% and 64%, low 29% for both genders and moderate to high 9% and 7% of the total time. Mean (range) BMC, BMD, and BA was 1179 g (563–2326), 0.84 g/cm2 (0.64-1.15) and 1393 cm2 (851–2164), respectively. Valid accelerometer data were obtained for a mean of 6.1 days, 13 hours per day.ConclusionsThere 7was a positive relationship between the log odds of moderate to high-level PA versus low level activity and BMC, BMD and BA. Children with an increased proportion of time in moderate to high-level activity as opposed to sedentary and low-level activity achieved positive effects on BMC, BMD and BA.
Highlights
Studies indicate genetic and lifestyle factors can contribute to optimal bone development
The children were examined by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and the follow-up examination was performed after two years
A major reason for the interest in increasing bone health during growth is to prevent fractures due to osteoporosis later in life. This longitudinal study examined the relationship between the proportion of time spent at physical activity (PA) in different intensity levels and bone health represented by Bone Mineral Content (BMC), Bone Mineral Density (BMD), and Bone Area (BA) accrual during two years, and showed a positive relationship of the log odds of moderate to high and low intensity activity and BMC, BMD and BA accruement over a two- year period
Summary
Studies indicate genetic and lifestyle factors can contribute to optimal bone development. Workload during physical activity can be measured by oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) [10] These measures correspond well to an individual’s speed or power output [10]. The recently developed ActiGraph GT3X monitors use a triaxial accelerometer and provide activity counts for each vector as well as a composite vector magnitude of the three axes [11]. This method gives the opportunity to capture the complexity of habitual activity and to stratify the activity intensity into sedentary, low, moderate, and high activity by using the data from the vertical axis. The results from the vertical axis were used in this research study
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