The intellectual outcomes of Safa in physical and human geography

Abstract

Muslim Arabs excelled in various sciences since the beginning of the Islamic era, and geography had a special interest on their part, as great efforts were made to study and develop Arab geographical thought. The natural and human nature of the Brethren of Purity as one of the most prominent thinkers whose works emerged in the fourth century AH (tenth century AD) through their famous works known as the Epistles of the Brethren of Purity. Their intellectual outputs came integrated with regard to the main branches of geography, and thus they laid the foundations for the science of geography that geographers relied on later. Therefore, the importance of the research lies in analyzing the geographical information contained in their letters In this research, we will follow the historical-analytical method to trace the received geographical information, as well as the descriptive method to describe the geographical phenomena brought by the Brethren of Purity in the chapters of their letters on geography and naturals.