The integument in troglobitic and epigean woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea): a comparative ultrastructural study

Abstract

We compared the ultrastructure and the relative thickness of the integumental cuticle in several species of troglobitic and non-troglobitic woodlice. Measurements of tergal cuticle thickness on histological sections demonstrated that the cuticles in non-troglobites are thicker than those in troglobites of similar body sizes. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, the endocuticles in troglobites consist of more numerous and thinner lamellae compared to cuticles of similar thickness in non-troglobites. Similar differences in the number and thickness of cuticular lamellae were not found in the exocuticle. As demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy of the epicuticles in troglobitic and non-troglobitic woodlice, the simple inner epicuticle is thinner relative to the total epicuticle thickness in troglobites, but this is not the case for the outer epicuticle. Outer epicuticles consisting of different numbers of sublayers can be found in troglobites as well as in non-troglobites and more complex outer epicuticles are not characteristic of representatives of any of the two ecological groups. Our results indicate that the thickness and structure of the integumental cuticle are important for evolutionary success in the subterranean environment. Nevertheless, the cuticles of troglobites are diverse in their ultrastructural features, likely reflecting different lifestyles of various troglobites.